Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to specific amino acid residues on target proteins, typically serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues. This phosphorylation event is a key regulatory mechanism that controls many cellular processes, including cell growth, division, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of protein kinases has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Therefore, understanding the function and regulation of protein kinases is crucial for developing targeted therapies for these diseases. Research in this area aims to identify novel protein kinases, investigate their roles in cellular processes, and develop inhibitors or activators for therapeutic applications.